Al Qur'an dan Sains Modern

Islam and Modern Science

"Kami akan memperlihatkan kepada mereka tanda-tanda (kekuasaan) Kami di segenap ufuk dan pada diri mereka sendiri, sehingga jelaslah bagi mereka bahwa al-Qur'an itu benar. Dan apakah Rabbmu tidak cukup (bagi kamu) bahwa sesungguhnya Dia menyaksikan segala sesuatu" (Fussilat [41] : 53)

All praise be to Allah, who made this humble work possible. Ya Allah ! Guide us to the straight path, al sirat al mustaqim!


... bermula dengan diterbitkannya buku La Bible, le Coran et la Science (The Bible, The Qur'an And Science ) dari Dr. Maurice Bucaille , seorang ilmuwan dari The Surgical Clinic, University of Paris pada tahun 1976 (yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh Prof. Dr. H.M. Rasyidi Bibel, Qur-an, dan Sains Modern, PT Bulan Bintang, Jakarta, 1978) dan kedalam berbagai bahasa dunia lainnya, yang kemudian menjadi sebuah literatur yang banyak dikaji orang baik dari kalangan Muslim maupun penganut agama lainnya sehingga menjadi buku yang laris atau "best seller". Dengan diterbitkannya buku tersebut, pada tahun 1986, Dr. William F. Campbell, seorang Kristen Sejati, menerbitkan pula buku The Qur'an and the Bible in the light of history and science dengan nafas yang sama untuk merespon buku Dr. Maurice Bucaille.

Perdebatan tidak berhenti, selanjutnya kaum kristiani dalam Responses to Dr. Zakir Naik menyangkal atas argumen-argumennya. Kajian demi kajian, adu argumen dan debat publik baik dari kalangan Muslim sendiri atau pun dari kalangan Non-Muslim terhadap masalah ini, mengundang para ilmuwan, kalangan agama dan kelompok lainnya untuk mengkaji dan mengkritisi kepakaran kitab-kitab agama.

Sekarang, Bagaimana umat Islam harus bersikap ? Sayyed Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'I dalam The Reality of Miracle : According to the Qur'an mengisyaratkan bahwa "Some people have tried to explain away the verses that describe various miracles; their aim was to make the Qur'àn fit the principles of modern physical sciences. But such attempts are unacceptable, as they are a forced burden on the language and the Qur'àn". Dr. Zakir Naik dalam Qur'an and Modern Science menegaskan bahwa "Qur'an is not a book of Science, 'S-C-I-E-N-C-E' but a book of Signs 'S-I-G-N-S' i.e. a book of ayaats. The Qur'an contains more than 6,000 ayaats, i.e. 'signs', out of which more than a thousand speak about Science. I am not trying to prove that the Qur'an is the word of God using scientific knowledge as a yard stick because any yardstick is supposed to be more superior than what is being checked or verified. For us Muslims the Qur'an is the Furqan i.e. criteria to judge right from wrong and the ultimate yardstick which is more superior to scientific knowledge". Selanjutnya, untuk mengkaji sains di dalam Kitab Suci, Salam Khalid mengisyaratkan bahwa, "Having pointed out the present situation in the Islamic world, I shall try to point out the dangers arising out of our present course of action. On one hand we have a minority, antagonistic to rational scientific thinking and on the other a majority, which is adamant on comparing Faith against rationality". (The Age Of Reason and the Islamic World's Response ) Sehingga, sangat diperlukan profesionalisme, kepakaran, kehati-hatian dan kearifan dalam mengungkapkan dan menafsirkan ayat-ayat Allah s.w.t., khususnya yang terkait dengan sains modern. Tiada lain, Salam Kalid mengingatkan bahwa Umat Islam harus start doing real science untuk menjawab tantangan Al Qur'an dan tantangan jaman dalam bidang Sains dan Teknologi.

QUR'AN AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

The Quran, stated over 1400 years ago that you will know its meaning after some time. Today science may have just explained the meaning of some of these Quranic verses. Allah(The Creator) states in the Quran that only those with knowledge will (understand his signs thus) fear his displeasure.

In many places, the Qur'an uses such phrases as 'do they not think,' 'do they not ponder, ' or 'reflect,' and asks the reader 'to enquire about certain statements to those who are knowledgeable.' The style of the Qur'an is to invite to reason and common sense. The more one researches on such statements the more deeper meaning one gets. Qur'an And Scientific Knowledge

"We will show them Our Signs in the universe, and in their ownselves, until it becomes manifest to them that this (the Qur'ân) is the truth. Is it not sufficient in regard to your Lord that He is a Witness over all things?" (The Noble Qur'an, Fussilat [41] : 53)

The Bible, The Qur'an And Science ( Bahasa Indonesia), this booklet by Dr. Maurice Bucaille has been in circulation for the past nineteen years and has been a very effective tool in presenting Islam to non-Muslims as well as introducing Muslims to aspects of the scientific miracle of the Qur'an. It is based on a transcription of a lecture given by Dr. Bucaille in French.

THE SCIENTIFIC MIRACLES IN THE HOLY QUR'AN

The Quran contains infinitely more precise details [than many scientific discoveries today] which are directly related to facts discovered by modern science: these are what exercise a magnetic attraction for today's scientists. Qur'anic Verses And Modern Scientific Discoveries

Every ayat of Qur'an is quite amazing and full of wisdom. Modern scientific research helps us understand the meaning of many verses of Al-Qur'an more clearly. Amazing Quran (The Medical Miracle of the Quran)

It is beyond reason that anyone fourteen hundred years ago would have known these facts discovered or proven only recently with advanced equipment and sophisticated scientific methods.The Scientific Miracles in the Holy Quran

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE QUR'AN TO MODERN SCIENCE

These scientific considerations, which are very specific to the Quran, greatly surprised me at first. Up until then, I had not thought it possible for one to find so many statements in a text compiled more than thirteen centuries ago referring to extremely diverse subjects and all of them totally in keeping with modern scientific knowledge... The Relationship Of The Quran To Modern Science

Everything, every detail from the atom, the smallest unit of matter, to the galaxies harbouring billions of stars, from the moon, an inseparable adjunct of the world, to the solar system, all work in a perfect harmony. This well-organised system runs flawlessly, just like a watch. People are so confident that this billions-of-years-old system will go on functioning without leaving out even the smallest detail that they can freely make plans about something they think will be realised in the next 10 years. No one is worried about whether the sun will rise the next day. A great majority of people do not think about 'whether the world may ever chance to break free from the gravitation of the sun and start to move towards the unknown in the pitch-dark space'; or ask 'What  keeps this from happening?' A Closer Look At Nature

ISLAMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SCIENCE AND MATH

Qur'an and Modern Science ? Dr. Zakir explain that "Qur'an is not a book of Science, 'S-C-I-E-N-C-E' but a book of Signs 'S-I-G-N-S' i.e. a book of ayaats. The Qur'an contains more than 6,000 ayaats, i.e. 'signs', out of which more than a thousand speak about Science. I am not trying to prove that the Qur'an is the word of God using scientific knowledge as a yard stick because any yardstick is supposed to be more superior than what is being checked or verified. For us Muslims the Qur'an is the Furqan i.e. criteria to judge right from wrong and the ultimate yardstick which is more superior to scientific knowledge"

The Qur'an exists only in Arabic. Allah did not reveal its contents in any other language. Therefore no one can give literal translation of the meaning of any Ayah, verse or Surah, chapter of the Qur'an into any other language. The same applies, though to a lesser extent, also to the sayings of the man commissioned by Allah to interpret the Qur'an, namely, the Prophet, Muhammad, peace be upon him. "Some people have tried to explain away the verses that describe various miracles; their aim was to make the Qur'àn fit the principles of modern physical sciences. But such attempts are unacceptable, as they are a forced burden on the language and the Qur'àn" The secular character of science does not mean that it repudiates the existence of Divine. But it does mean that the validation of scientific truths does not rely on any form of spiritual authority; observation, experimentation, and logic are the sole arbiters which decide what is true or false. Scientists are free to be as religious as they please, but science recognizes no laws outside its own. The Age Of Reason and the Islamic World's Response

THE MIRACLE AND CHALLENGE OF THE QUR'AN

One of the most remarkable things in the Quran is how it deals with science. The Quran which was revealed in the 7th century to Muhammed (p.b.u.h.) contains unbelievable scientific facts which are being discovered in this century. Scientist are shocked and many times speechless when they are shown how detailed and accurate some verses in the Quran are to modern science. Two copies of a Quran exist in a museum in Turkey and Russia. Each one is about 1400 years old. Each copy of the Quran is exactly the same as the ones today. Therefore the Quran is an authentic scripture unlike anything else. While your reading threw this remember that the Quran was revealed more than 1400 years ago, keep in mind the general idea that was common during that time and notice how detailed the verses are. Each prophet was wisely selected by Allah in order to be the best person for the job. He was then provided by Allah with miracles as proof of his truthfulness and his message. These miracles were wisely selected by Allah in order to be in the same field as that which these people excelled in so that they could fully comprehend the magnitude of these miracles. The science of modern cosmology, observational and theoretical, clearly indicates that, at one point in time, the whole universe was nothing but a cloud of 'smoke' (i.e. an opaque highly dense and hot gaseous composition). This is one of the undisputed principles of standard modern cosmology. Scientists now can observe new stars forming out of the remnants of that 'smoke'. Science And Miracle. Al-Marja.

VIEWS OF NON-MUSLIM SCIENTIST

"Statements referring to human reproduction and development are scattered throughout the Qur'an. It is only recently that the scientific meaning of some of these verses has been appreciated fully. The long delay in interpreting these verses correctly resulted mainly from inaccurate translations and commentaries and from a lack of awareness of scientific knowledge" Keith L. Moore, Ph.D., F.I.A.C in Embriology in the Holy Qur’an

Prof. Keith L. Moore Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Toronto. Distinguished embryologist and the author of several medical textbooks, including Clinically Oriented Anatomy (3rd Edition) and The Developing Human (5th Edition, with T.V.N. Persaud).

Prof. E. Marshall Johnson Professor and Chairman of the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Director of the Daniel Baugh Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Prof. T.V.N. Persaud Professor of Anatomy, and Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Prof. Joe Leigh Simpson Professor and Chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,Texas, USA.

Prof. Gerald C. Goeringer Professor and Co-ordinator of Medical Embryology in the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, USA.

Prof. Tejatat Tejasen Chairman of the Department of Anatomy and is the former Dean of the faculty of Medicine, University of Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Dr. Maurice Bucaille Born in 1920, former chief of the Surgical Clinic, University of Paris, has for a long time deeply interested in the correspondences between the teachings of the Holy Scriptures and modern secular knowledge.

The important book written by Dr. Maurice Bucaille corncerning Quran and Modern Science :

La Bible, le Coran et la Science

The Bible, The Qur'an And Science , (translated by Alastair D. Pannell)

The Qur'an And Modern Science , (edited by Dr. A. A. B. Philips)

Bibel, Qur'an, Dan Sains Modern , (Indonesia: Prof. Dr. H.M. Rasyidi)

MUSLIM SCIENTISTS AND THINKERS (700 - 1400 A.D.)

Jabir Ibn Haiyan (Geber), Chemistry (Father of Chemistry)

Musa al-Khawarizmi (Algorizm), Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography (Algorithm, Algebra, Calculus)

Yaqub Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (Alkindus),Philosophy, Physics, Optics, Medicine, Mathematics, Metallurgy

Thabit Ibn Qurra (Thebit), Astronomy, Mechanics, Geometry, Anatomy

Ali Ibn Rabban al-Tabari ,Medicine, Mathematics, Calligraphy, Literature

Al-Farghani (Al-Fraganus), Astronomy, Civil Engineering

Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes), Medicine, Ophthalmology, Smallpox, Chemistry, Astronomy

Abu Abdullah al-Battani (Albategnius), Astronomy, Mathematics, Trigonometry

Abu al-Nasr al-Farabi (Al-Pharabius), Sociology, Logic, Philosophy, Political Science, Music

Abul Hasan Ali al-Masu'di ,Geography, History

Abu al-Qasi al-Zahrawi , (Albucasis), Surgery, Medicine (Father of Modern Surgery)

Muhammad al-Buzjani , Mathematics, Astronomy, Geometry, Trigonometry

Hasan Ibn al-Haitham ,(Alhazen), Physics, Optics, Mathematics

Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi , (Alboacen), Political Science, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Ethics

Abu Raihan al-Biruni , Astronomy, Mathematics (Determined Earth's Circumference)

Ibn Sina , (Avicenna), Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy

Omar al-Khayyam , Mathematics, Poetry

Abu Hamid al-Ghazali , (Algazel) Sociology, Theology, Philosophy

Al-Idrisi , (Dreses) Geography (World Map, First Globe)

Ibn Rushd , (Averroes) Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Astronomy, Theology

Ibn al-Baitar , Pharmacy, Botany

Jalal al-Din Rumi , Sociology

Ibn al-Nafis , Anatomy

Ibn Khaldun , Sociology, Philosophy of History, Political Science

Other Reference : Muslim Scientists and Scholars